The revolution and the iranian revolution 2172 words 9 pages. The february 1979 iranian revolution was the largest urban mass uprising since the 1917 russian revolution. They emerged from a crowded field for several reasons. After the triumph of the february revolution, mehdi bazargan, another national front leader who had merge nationalist and islamic sentiments. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian. In november 1979 students stormed that american embassy in tehran in protest at america allowing the shah into the country for medical treatment. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or the 1979 revolution, was a. However, its important to remember that the iranian revolution itself was more than a religious uprising. The revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state.
The iranian regimes financing, arming, and training of islamist groups across and beyond the middle east is an extension of the regimes approach since the 1979 islamic revolution. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. After the iranian revolution of 1979 brought the ayatollah. One of the important sources that inspired the writing of this book was susan buckmorsss controversial essay hegel and haiti, published in the summer of 2000.
The 1979 or second oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the iranian revolution. Presented here is a study of the emergence of horizontal divisions, or socioeconomic classes, in a country with strong vertical divisions based on. Iranian revolution explained year 11 modern history. How iran and the world around ithave changed in the four decades since a revolutionary theocracy took power. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. After the iranian revolution of 1979 brought the ayatollah khomeini to power, fundamentalist islamic sharia law was infused into iranian government policies. How did the revolution impact the neighboring countries around iran. What do iranians think about the 1979 islamic revolution. After the shah of iran and his regime were overthrown by revolutionaries in february 1979, iran was in a revolutionary crisis mode from this time until 1982 or 1983. The shah, iran s ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. The iranian revolution 1979 by louise zhang on prezi.
Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on this page. What are the culturalpolitical effects of the iranian revolution of 1979. The 1979 iranian revolution council on foreign relations. This is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal events of the twentieth century, inaugurating a period of islamic revivalism and struggles against modernization in. The iranian revolution 19771979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979. The year that shaped the modern middle east new york. Ayatollah khomeini, the father of the revolution, viewed the worlds super powers as the source of world corruption. My brother of 17yo was in shahs jail for having read three books. Since 1979, iran s theocratic regime has deprived the entire clerical class of its autonomybut also made it rich and powerful. The multiple contexts of the iranian revolution in.
The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The emerging secutity paradigm in the middle east, parameters, summer 2007, p. Panelists reflect on the events that unfolded during the iranian revolution in 1979, how the united states responded, and the consequences for today. Islamic revolutions legacy debated as anniversary marked. The newsmagazine for teens tehran, iran s capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Pdf the iranian revolution at 30 roschanack shaery. Thus, they halted iran s peaceable relations with the united states of america. The iranian revolution utrecht university repository.
The 1979 iranian revolution was a major landmark in iranian history. January 1979 saw the ussupported shah forced to leave the country after widespread demonstrations and strikes. The 21 and 22 of bahman 57 12 and february 1979 were the days of the collapse of the monarchic system when domestic tyranny, and the foreign dominance that relied on it, were. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. To retain its legitimacy and religious standing, the clergy may have to distance itself from politics. Oct 05, 2010 clerics form the broadest social network in iran, exerting their influence from the most remote village to the biggest cities. I could mention the estimates that if iran had kept on its pre 1979 trajectory, its gdp would be the largest in the middle east today and. The consolidation of the iranian revolution refers to a turbulent process of islamic republic stabilization, following the completion of the revolution. The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979. Background to the revolution shah reza pahlevi, returning to iran after a weeklong exile due to the failled mohamed mossadegh coup detat. Jun 18, 20 through the lens of our nightly news and today journalists, we see how the countrys politics were completely transformed in less than a year from ayatollah khomeinis return from exile and the. Despite the fact that global oil supply decreased by only 4%, widespread panic resulted, driving the price far higher.
Summary of 1979 islamic revolution for dummies the iranian. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the revolutionary guard, and representative on the supreme council of defense. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Iran s islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. In 19781979, a revolution in iran succeeded in toppling the shah, the authoritarian. Iranian revolution 1979 by michael swingle on prezi. Two of those books were from the azari poet samad behrangi. The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. And the end goal of the revolution was never a state, it was the expansion of the revolution. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people.
The revolutionary guard or pasdarane enqelab, was established by a decree issued by khomeini on may 5, 1979 to protect the revolution from destructive forces and counterrevolutionaries, i. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. Nov 21, 2012 as an iranian, the answer for this question is very obvious for me. From october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. Any serious crisis in iran could jeopardize the clergys favored position in government. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini.
January 1979 saw the ussupported shah forced to leave the country. Emphasizing the interaction between political organizations and social forces, ervand abrahamian discusses iranian society and politics during the period between the constitutional revolution of 19051909 and the islamic revolution of 1977 1979. Mar 06, 2018 what caused the iranian revolution in 1979. Iran s 1979 revolution is one of the most important events of the late twentieth. It marked the latest chapter in a decadeslong battle between the u.
Student presentation by dylan smith in year 11 20 on. Iranian foreign policy since the iranian islamic revolution. In simple terms, the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi was overthrown by a coalition of opposition forces dominated by. So while most opposition groups participated in the 1979 revolution, the clergy established hegemony over iran s new political system after the shahs ouster. The iranian working class came out on the battlefield, overthrew the shah and shook the capitalist world enver hoxha the comintern sh defends the lessons of comrade enver hoxha concerning the iranian revolution from 1979 long live the 35th anniversary of the iranian revolution 1979. Islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini 19011989. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi.
One reason for this is that when the iranian people overthrew a brutal dictator in 1979 they also inflicted a massive blow to us imperialism in the middle east. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. The iranian revolution put an end to the rule of the shah mohammed reza pahlevi, who had alienated powerful religious and political forces with a programme of modernisation and westernisation. In midfebruary, there was an insurrection, with air force cadets joining with guerrilla forces. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern iran. That battle began 35 years ago with iran s revolution in 1979. The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and modernization of iran, and set up a traditional government and society based upon the koran. Us iran relations, 1953 1979 before the iranian revolution, the u. So while most opposition groups participated in the 1979 revolution, the clergy established hegemony over irans new political system after the shahs ouster. Its economy and the apparatus of government collapsed. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. On february 9th, 1979, million of iranians came on to the streets of teheran to welcome the return of the religious leader ayatollah.
In mid february, there was an insurrection, with air force cadets joining with guerrilla forces. Two promostazafin discourses in the 1979 iranian revolution article pdf available in contemporary islam august 2017 with 233 reads how we measure reads. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979 nodo50. Yes, most working people and youth who made the 1979 revolution opposed the royal decree imposed in the 1930s by the imperialistbacked shah of iran, in. It changed that strategic relation of forces in the middle east to the detriment of imperialism. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. But the compulsory hijab a headscarf covering the hair and neck is not a symbol of iran s revolution. In simple terms, the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi was overthrown by a coalition of opposition forces dominated by shii muslim fundamentalists. The iranian revolution is the only modern revolution which was deliberately and coherently fomented by a revolutionary movement consisting of different social classes united under the leadership of a senior shia cleric ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in january that year was singled out by the regime in tehran as one of the main.
Sep 18, 2006 this is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. I suppose we could talk about how economically the revolution and the subsequent events have been a disaster. Mar 10, 2015 iranian revolution the iranian revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. Its lessons for today kamran nayeri and alireza nasab achievements the february 1979 iranian revolution was the largest urban mass uprising since the 1917 russian revolution.
What events in the memoir persepolis, by marjane satrapi, are related to the changes that we have discussed today. Bibliography they got what they wanted very singleminded at the time of the first protests it was unclear who wanted what from a change in government although the protestors could not think of what would happen next, they all knew one thing. Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranian born journalist kasra naji about. Causes of the revolution discontent with the pahlavi rule exile of ayatollah khomeini social injustices violations against the iranian constitution of 1906 the city of tabriz. However, the causes of revolutionary discontent can be traced back decades, and must first be analyzed. Pdf two promostazafin discourses in the 1979 iranian revolution. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. The true story behind the secret mission to save six americans during the iran hostage crisis and the foreign ambassador who worked with the cia to bring them home hardcover. Pdf two promostazafin discourses in the 1979 iranian. This concise but informative history chronicles how the iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy to a fundamentalist islamic republic. He helped overthrow the much hated regime of the shah. Exhibition shows how iran s present and past merge through art untitled, kaveh golestan printed photographs, gelatin silver print, best known as a documentary photographer, kaveh golestan in 1979 was awarded the robert capa gold medal for his brilliant visual account of the iranian revolution. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38.
Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. He also served several times as general secretary of the islamic republic party. The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. The iranian revolution there are various parties that have different viewpoints and opinions of the revolution. Each special issue of viewpoints will combine the diverse commentaries of policymakers and. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. It was, for the first time after hundreds of years a revolution where people demanded the entry of religion into politics and not the opposite.
Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. Iran s revolution began with a popular democracy movement and ended with the establishment of the world s first islamic state. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. The organs of the iranian state serve the revolution, not the other way around. A highly readable book by a knowledgeable american journalist about the ussupported coup in iran and its impact on the iranian revolution of 1978 1979 and for american foreign policy in iran and the greater middle east. Clerics form the broadest social network in iran, exerting their influence from the most remote village to the biggest cities. Each special issue of viewpoints will combine the diverse commentaries of. Reza shah was overthrown and fled iran at the beginning of 1979 changes in government, religion and culture in iran.
Chapter 2 focuses on the social, political and economic status of iran, pre and post revolution. Review of the 1979 irans revolution and the 2011 arab uprisings. We have to take a look at the historical elements that lead up to the iranian revolution of 1979. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam. Dec 03, 20 the iranian revolution occurred between 1977 and 1979, beginning with a series of demonstrations and ending with the overthrow of the shah. One similarity in the leadership of kemal ataturk, gamal nasser, and shah reza pahlavi is that all these leaders. Feb 02, 2009 cia coup plot helped aid 1979 iranian revolution opinions by tom brandt opinions editor monday, february 2, 2009 this week, the iranian people are celebrating a dubious holiday the 30th anniversary of their islamic revolution which the united states and britain, in part, can take credit for helping to bring about. Iranian revolution the iranian revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society. The 21 and 22 of bahman 57 12 and february 1979 were the days of the collapse of the monarchic system when domestic tyranny, and the foreign dominance that relied on it, were crushed. The effects of the iranian revolution of 1979 by ivie. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam, including the differences between shiite and sunni sects.
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